TOKYO - Tokyo stocks fell on October 2, with the Nikkei 225 closing at 68,309, down 647 points, as investors took profits after the previous day’s sharp rally and turned cautious ahead of U.S. employment data, rising global bond yields and renewed concern over energy prices.

The broader TOPIX fell 40.98 points to 4,091.00, showing that the decline was not limited to the price-weighted Nikkei. The selloff hit technology, autos, pharmaceuticals, banks and insurers, while a small number of semiconductor-related shares limited the downside.

The Nikkei opened lower at 68,313 after jumping more than 2,200 points on October 1. It briefly recovered to 68,741 in the morning, but buying did not last. The index later fell to 68,132 and finished near the lower end of the day’s range.

The market’s weakness reflected a pause after the powerful October 1 rally, when semiconductor shares surged on strong U.S. technology sentiment and Micron-related optimism. Investors used October 2 to take profits, particularly in shares that had risen sharply during the previous session.

TOPIX’s decline was almost the same as the Nikkei’s in percentage terms, suggesting that the weakness had broadened beyond the high-priced index names. Financials, autos and domestic shares also struggled as investors reassessed the impact of high bond yields and a weak yen.

Nikkei CNBC-style market commentary would likely focus on a market that had become overheated after the previous day’s surge. The Nikkei’s failure to hold its morning recovery showed that investors were reluctant to chase prices before the U.S. jobs report.

The U.S. employment data due later on October 2 became the most important overseas event. Investors were watching whether the September jobs report would strengthen expectations for another Federal Reserve rate hike and push U.S. yields even higher.

Global bond markets remained under pressure. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield had recently climbed above 5%, while concerns over inflation, energy prices and government borrowing kept investors cautious toward equities.

Higher yields are a problem for stocks because they raise the discount rate applied to future earnings and make bonds more attractive compared with equities. This is especially important for high-valuation technology and AI-related shares.

Japan’s own bond market remains under strain. The 10-year Japanese government bond yield has been trading near levels not seen since the 1990s, reflecting the Bank of Japan’s September rate hike and expectations that policy may continue to normalize.

The BOJ raised its policy rate to 1.25% in September, the highest level in 31 years. The decision marked a major shift after decades of ultra-low rates, but the yen has remained weak because investors judged the central bank’s guidance as gradual rather than aggressively hawkish.

Economy Minister Minoru Kiuchi said October 2 that Japan is no longer in a deflationary period and does not need excessively loose policy aimed at forcing inflation higher. His remarks reinforced the view that the government is no longer presenting itself as strongly reflationist.

That message matters for markets because investors are trying to judge how much political resistance the BOJ will face if it raises rates again. If the government is more accepting of normalization, the BOJ may have more room to tighten further.

At the same time, higher rates create risks. They can support the yen and reduce imported inflation, but they also increase borrowing costs for households, companies and the government. They can also pressure growth shares and reduce the appeal of high-valuation sectors.

The yen traded near the 158 level against the dollar, remaining weak even after the BOJ’s September rate hike. A weak yen supports exporters by raising the yen value of overseas earnings, but it also increases import costs for energy, food, raw materials and consumer goods.

For exporters, the yen remains a tailwind. Automakers, machinery makers, precision-equipment companies and electronics firms can benefit from the currency’s weakness. But on October 2, autos and some exporters still fell as investors focused more on profit-taking, higher yields and global risk aversion.

Honda was among the weaker names, while Toyota and other large exporters also lacked momentum. The market appeared less willing to reward yen-sensitive stocks after the Nikkei’s sharp rise earlier in the week.

For households, the weak yen remains a burden. It keeps pressure on prices for imported food, fuel, energy and consumer goods. Even with wage growth improving, many households remain sensitive to costs for groceries, gasoline, electricity, transport and services.

Oil prices were another major concern. Brent crude remained above $100 a barrel, supported by continuing Middle East tensions and supply uncertainty. For Japan, high oil is a direct inflation risk because the country imports most of its energy.

Higher crude prices feed into gasoline, electricity, aviation fuel, shipping, logistics, chemicals and manufacturing. If oil remains above $100 while the yen stays weak, imported inflation could intensify again.

That combination makes the BOJ’s job harder. A weak yen and high oil strengthen the case for further rate increases, but higher rates can unsettle equities, bond markets and borrowers.

Technology and semiconductor shares were mixed after the previous day’s powerful advance. Some chip names resisted the broader selloff, but the group as a whole no longer had the same momentum seen on October 1.

Tokyo Electron and Advantest remained central to the Nikkei’s direction. Both stocks have large index weightings and are among Japan’s clearest beneficiaries of the global AI semiconductor cycle.

Tokyo Electron remains a key supplier of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, while Advantest is closely tied to demand for advanced AI chip testing. Their movements can strongly affect the Nikkei even when the broader market is weak.

SoftBank Group fell, weighing on the index. The company remains Tokyo’s most visible proxy for global AI investment because of its exposure to OpenAI, Arm, robotics and digital infrastructure. Its decline showed that investors were taking profits in high-profile AI names after the recent rally.

Kioxia Holdings also remained in focus. The memory-chip maker is tied to high-bandwidth memory, AI servers and data-center storage demand, but its share price has been volatile as investors reassess the memory cycle and global AI spending.

Ibiden, Fujikura, Furukawa Electric, Murata Manufacturing, TDK, Taiyo Yuden, Lasertec, Screen Holdings and Kokusai Electric remain important indicators of Japan’s AI supply-chain strength. These companies represent advanced substrates, optical fiber, electronic components, chip equipment, power systems and data-center infrastructure.

The AI trade remains powerful, but October 2 showed that it is still vulnerable to profit-taking and higher yields. Investors continue to believe in long-term demand for chips, memory, networks and data centers, but they are increasingly selective after the Nikkei’s sharp gains.

The market is no longer treating every AI-related stock as an automatic buy. Investors are paying closer attention to valuation, power constraints, funding costs, regulation and whether earnings can justify the pace of share-price gains.

Pharmaceutical shares were also weak. Chugai Pharmaceutical was among the notable decliners, adding pressure to the Nikkei. Defensive sectors did not provide enough support to offset technology and export weakness.

Banks and insurers also came under pressure despite the higher-rate environment. Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Mizuho Financial Group and Tokio Marine were among stocks watched closely after recent rate-driven buying.

Higher interest rates can support banks and insurers by improving lending margins and investment income, but a rapid rise in bond yields can also create valuation losses and raise concern over the broader economy. On October 2, investors treated financials cautiously.

The weakness in financial shares also reflected uncertainty over the BOJ’s next move. If the central bank tightens slowly, the earnings benefit for banks may be more gradual than some investors hoped. If it tightens too quickly, the broader market may come under pressure.

The Growth Market remained vulnerable as well. Smaller growth shares are sensitive to higher yields because their valuations often depend on profits expected further in the future. When bond yields rise, investors tend to reduce exposure to speculative growth names.

The global backdrop was cautious. Asian shares were mixed, with Hong Kong falling sharply and mainland Chinese markets closed for a holiday. Investors were watching U.S. jobs data, oil prices and bond-market volatility.

The U.S. 10-year yield’s move above 5% has become a key global market pressure point. High U.S. yields support the dollar, complicate Japan’s effort to stabilize the yen, and reduce the appeal of growth stocks worldwide.

The dollar-yen rate near 158 remains one of the most important signals for Tokyo. A move toward 160 would support exporters but revive intervention and inflation concerns. A rebound toward 153 would ease import costs but could hurt exporter earnings and trigger carry-trade unwinding.

Japanese authorities remain alert to excessive currency moves. Previous rate checks and intervention-related comments have kept traders cautious, but the yen has continued to struggle because the U.S.-Japan interest-rate gap remains wide.

The domestic economy is sending mixed signals. Japan is no longer in deflation, according to the government’s latest messaging, and wages have improved. But households are still dealing with high living costs, and companies face rising labor, energy, logistics and financing costs.

For companies, the key question remains pricing power. Firms with strong brands, recurring demand, global competitiveness or exposure to long-term investment are better positioned. Companies without pricing power face margin pressure if costs keep rising.

Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s government is also trying to balance household relief, defense spending, fiscal discipline and long-term industrial investment. The government’s growth strategy emphasizes semiconductors, artificial intelligence, energy security, defense, shipbuilding, robotics, space and other strategic sectors.

Those priorities support many of the companies investors have favored this year. But higher bond yields make the funding question more difficult and increase pressure on the government to show fiscal credibility.

The Finance Ministry’s budget process remains closely watched because higher assumed interest rates raise projected debt-service costs. Investors want evidence that Japan can support households and strategic industries without undermining confidence in public finances.

The October 2 market also showed how quickly sentiment can shift after a major rally. The Nikkei’s October 1 surge brought the index close to 69,000, but the following session showed that investors remain sensitive to oil, yields and U.S. data.

The technical picture remains constructive but fragile. The Nikkei stayed above 68,000, which is still well above the levels seen during the mid-September correction. However, the failure to extend the October 1 rally suggests that the market needs stronger breadth to move sustainably higher.

The 69,000 level now becomes the next major upside marker. The Nikkei approached it on October 1 but failed to build further momentum on October 2. A clear break above that level would signal renewed strength, while repeated failures could invite more profit-taking.

TOPIX’s fall below 4,100 is also important. A durable rally needs participation from banks, insurers, exporters, trading houses, industrials, domestic-demand shares and technology names. On October 2, the broader index showed that participation was weakening.

What to watch next: whether the Nikkei can hold above 68,000, whether TOPIX can regain 4,100, and whether U.S. jobs data push Treasury yields higher or give global equities relief.

Investors will monitor SoftBank Group, Tokyo Electron, Advantest, Kioxia, Ibiden, Fujikura, Furukawa Electric, Murata Manufacturing, TDK, Taiyo Yuden, Lasertec and Screen Holdings for signs of whether the AI trade can regain momentum after profit-taking.

Banks and insurers will also remain important. Mitsubishi UFJ, Sumitomo Mitsui, Mizuho, Resona, Tokio Marine and other financials will show whether higher-rate expectations can still support value shares.

The yen near 158 to the dollar remains the most important domestic signal. Further weakness would support exporters but intensify inflation and intervention concerns. A rebound would ease import costs but could pressure exporters.

JGB yields are the second key signal. A stable bond market would help equities, while another rise in 10-year or super-long yields would pressure valuations and fiscal policy.

Oil prices are the third signal. A sustained pullback would help Japan’s inflation outlook, while another rise above $100 would keep pressure on households and companies.

October 2 showed that Tokyo’s market remains highly sensitive to global yields and energy prices even after a powerful AI-led rally. The Nikkei remains elevated, but profit-taking in technology, autos and pharmaceuticals showed that investors are unwilling to ignore high oil, a weak yen, rising bond yields and the risk that stronger U.S. jobs data could push the Federal Reserve toward another rate hike.